Hacker:- A person who modifies something to perform in a way that was different than it was made to do. Not just to do with computer hacking, but in this case it is.
Cracker:- Crackers are people who break into a computer system for an offensive purpose, for example defacement. A cracker is still a hacker.
Ethical Hacker: -People who hack into systems for defensive purposes, often people hired bycompanies to pen-test their network.
White hat hacker: -Somebody with defensive security intentions, similar to an ethical hacker. White hat hackers existed before ethical hackers.
Black hat hacker:- A hacker with malicious or offensive intentions
Gray hat hacker:- A combination between white and black hat hackers.
Hacktivism:- Hactivists perform Hacktivism. Hacktivism is a combination between two works: hacker and activist. Somebody who hacks for a cause; maybe they are environmentalists hacking against companies that they think are destroying the environment
Vulnerability:- A weakness that could lead to compromised security. It may be discovered accidentally. Somebody may write a script to exploit this vulnerability.
Exploit: - A defined method of hacking vulnerability.
Black Box Attacks: - Security testing with no knowledge of the network infrastructure
White Box Attacks:- Security testing with complete knowledge of the network infrastructure.
Gray Box Attacks:- Internal testing from the perspective of a generic user inside the infrastructure, this user would not be an admin but just a normal user.
Reckless Admins:-An admin who is careless, for example using the same password for all of the different things in the network. A reckless admin may not use the latest patches even though they are readily available.
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